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Constantinople:-Mr. Goodell's Voyage from Smyrna to Constantinople.

ica wish that they could read this chapter in the same place, where we read it? Perhaps they will be permitted in the Providence of God to do so. But under whatever circumstances they may at any time read it, may they be animated by the same spirit of devotedness to Christ, which was so conspicuous in Paul.

4. Contrary winds. Beat up between the island of Tenedos and the coast of Troy. The former place is still celebrated for its wines. And it was behind this island the Greeks, it is supposed, concealed themselves, when they made a pretence of returning to their country, and abandoning the siege of Troy. The stratagem of the wooden horse, and other parts of the story, together with the interesting associations, under which I first read the Eneid, were revived in my memory, and for a while I seemed to be living over again my academic life in the presence of a revered and beloved instructor, and surrounded by my old school fellows. What would some of them not give to read those classics here.

FEB.

months for a wind. In the afternoon, we had a season of devotion in the cabin, and I read a sermon I had written at Malta, on the nature of the Jewish sacrifices. Towards evening I took a bundle of Greek tracts, and in company with Mrs. Goodell and captain and Mrs. Smith, went ashore. We met with no human being, but we saw grasshoppers of an uncommonly large size, and some other curious animals; and Mrs. Goodell and myself were delighted with the sight of swallows, the first we have seen for almost nine years. They seemed like an old acquaintance. The ground where we walked, was uncultivated, but appeared not to be sterile; it was clayey, and was hard and cracked; but there were many shrubs, thorns, and a sort of tall wild grass growing. From what is called the tomb of Ajax, a large and high mound of earth, we had a very extensive and delightful prospect. The hills and valleys and plains of Troy, overspread with flocks and herds and fields of grain, and interspersed with towns and villages and habitations of men; the waters of the Hellespont, flowing like a majestic river; the "great and wide sea," with the islands of Lemnos, Imbro, Samothraki, and Tenedos, rising up like water nymphs out of it; vessels of different nations, lying motionless at our feet; and the lightnings of heaven playing on a distant cloud; all these, with other interesting objects, were in full view: but as the sun had already retired, and distant objects soon became indistinct, it was only for a few moments we could enjoy so lovely a scene.

The Troas of the New Testament, built by order of Alexander the Great, is not on the site of the ancient city, but is several miles south, and is now called Eski Stamboul. Whatever was its former splendor, it has the appearance of being now only an insignificant village. Paul informs us, that, when he "came to Troas to preach Christ's gospel, a door was opened unto him of the Lord." It was at Troas a vision appeared to Paul in the night, from which he assuredly gathered that the Lord had called him to preach the gospel in Macedonia.' It was at Troas, he "abode seven days;" on the last of which, "when the disciples came together to break bread, Paul preached to them. ready to depart on the morrow; and continued his speech until midnight." And it was at Troas, (probably when he was 'minded himself to go afoot to Assos,') that he left his cloak, which, in prospect of suffering from cold in prison at Rome, he desired Carpus to bring with him,' together with "the books, but especially the parch-yond, with an intervening range of hills

ments.'

About sunset we came to anchor nearly opposite a town at a short distance from the entrance of the Dardanelles. Still nearer the entrance were other vessels at anchor. waiting for a favorable wind. A very stiff breeze was now blowing directly out of the channel, against which and the current it is impossible to make any head way. The evening was cold, and some of us were glad to make use of our cloaks.

5. Weighed anchor in the morning, and with much labor succeeded in getting nearer the entrance of the Dardanelles, but the wind was too light for us to stem the current, and we again cast anchor. Around us were many vessels, some of which had been lying there for three days. It is not uncommon for vessels to lie here three weeks, and there have been instances of their being detained here more than three

6.

we

Between nine and ten o'clock this morning, a breeze sprung up, and weighed anchor. About one o'clock P. M. we succeeded in passing the first castles of Europe and Asia, the guard of the straits, said to have been built by Mahomet IV, more than 200 years ago. A little farther on was the mouth of the celebrated Scamander, now called Mendere, and the fruitful valley on its banks could be seen a great distance into the interior. Mount Ida be

sweeping round to the right and left, forms
with this valley a vast amphitheatre. The
channel of the Dardanelles, the ancient
Hellespont, is variously estimated at from
48 to 60 miles in length; it is generally
from three to five miles wide, but in two or
three places is much narrower; the current
is frequently strong; and altogether, it has
much the appearance of a river, moving on
with grandeur and beauty through a coun-
try of great fertility, and of rich and per-
petually varying prospect. Herds of buffa-
loes were here and there feeding quietly on
the banks; villages were sprinkled over the
rising ground; and though there
wastes and unimproved lands, yet gardens
of fruit trees, and groves of olives, with
fields and pasture grounds, were generally
seen on hill and dale.
then surprised by quite a New England
We were now and
scene opening unexpectedly upon us.

were

Near sunset, as we were passing the second castles of Europe and Asia, the wind failed us to such a degree, that we had to return, and anchor below them. These castles, like the others we had passed, do not appear capable of sustaining a vigorous and determined assault, but some of the cannon are certainly very formidable. They look as if a man might easily crawl into them. And indeed if one of the largest is, as it is said, "two feet in the diameter of its bore," and has thrown "a granite ball of 800 pounds on board a line of battle ship," not only a man, but a small family might almost find shelter there for the night.

Near us was anchored a country vessel, loaded with slaves from Alexandria for the Constantinople market. The deck crowded with them, and their only clothing seemed to be a long coarse shirt.

was

7. The town, below which we, with various other vessels, are lying at anchor, is Dardanellos, famous for its extensive manufacture of earthen ware. Early this morning, an old Jew with his son came off from town to make the Banian a visit; and slovenly as the old man was, he called himself the American consul. He brought to the captain a present of fresh fish, for which he of course expected a great or a greater present in return, and of which he seemed to think more, than of the coming of the Messiah, judging from his answers to some questions I put to him on the subject.

Between nine and ten o'clock, vessels were seen coming up with a south wind, and the command "heave up" being immediately given, we were prepared to use its first breezes. The channel is here narrow, and the current proportionably strong. At a short distance above the castles, is the place where Xerxes is supposed to have constructed his bridge of boats, and where he looked down upon his immense fleet and wept. No one has ever passed through this vale of tears without weeping; but alas! how few tears, comparatively, have been shed to any good purpose! How few persons have wept over their own follies and wickedness, the depravity of their hearts, and the awful ravages of sin in the world. The sorrow of Xerxes was but momentary, and was altogether a selfish feeling; and he did vastly more to increase the sum total of human misery, than to diminish it. Instead of being disposed to dry up the tears of the millions, whom his sword had made widows and orphans, he would rather that millions of other hearts should bleed, and millions of other graves be watered with tears, than that his own ambitious schemes of conquest should be defeated. "Godly sorrow worketh repentance unto salvation not to be repented of; but the sorrow of the world worketh

death."

The south wind kept along with us, or rather we kept along with it, and, till the middle of the afternoon, we continued to find vessels waiting, as we had done in the morning, for its indispensable aid. Thus we

finally became quite a fleet, consisting of twenty square rigged vessels, besides smaller craft of the country. About four o'clock P. M. we passed Gallipoli, the most considerable of the towns situated on the Hellespont. The Grand Signor himself was there with his fleet. We were told at Dardanellos this morning, that he was expected for his reception were making accordingly. to make them a visit, and that preparations A novel thing this with the Turks, for the Sultan to leave Constantinople; said not to have been done before for several generations.

On the Asiatic side, nearly opposite to Gallipoli, is Lamsaki, famous in ancient story for its gardens and vineyards. It was with wine; and it was once also the abode once given to Themistocles to furnish him of Epicurus, who lived here for some time, enjoying the society of the wise and learned men of the city.

After passing Gallipoli, the shores began to recede, and we soon found ourselves stretching away into the Sea of Marmora, the island itself, which gives the sea its name, rising before us.

8.

A very light wind during all the forcircle, and read letters we had recently remer part of the day. We formed a little ceived from various dear friends in America. In this sea, of which with scarcely any interest we once used to read at school in the days of childhood-in the midst of this little sea we conversed about far distant relatives and acquaintances, and friends to the missionary cause, scattered over our beloved country from one end of the union to the other. How many precious recollections were awakened in our bosoms by the mention of a place, or of an individual! followed up to the streamlets, thence to the How many streams of public charity we they took their rise, so insignificant, perrills, and finally to the little springs, whence haps, as scarcely to engage the attention of the passing traveller! Our friends at home can hardly imagine how they live in our frequently turn our thoughts to a country, remembrance, and with what delight we blessed with such a government, such institutions, and such civil and religious privileges, where "the little hills rejoice on every side."

In the afternoon, when off the island of Marmora, so named from the immense quarries of marble it contains, the wind gale, and bore us rapidly on. freshened, till at evening it became quite a The night was stormy and tempestuous, and some of us again suffered from sea sickness. In the latter part of the night the captain, knowing that he must be in the vicinity of cape Stephanos, "lay to" till morning light.

9. We all rose at an early hour to see Constantinople. The storm had passed away, the stars were fading out of their places, the "winds breathed soft," and the morning had all the freshness and coolness of one at this season of the year in New

England, after a refreshing shower, when the wind is from the northwest. The view of Constantinople was at first indistinct, and presented nothing striking; and we began to call in question the correctness of the opinion generally expressed by authors of the unrivalled beauty of its situation and of the scenery around. But as we approached the city, our first impressions were succeeded by others more in unison with those of the authors above alluded to, and the prospect at length became enchanting.

Mr. Goodell's description of the splendid appearance of Constantinople, and the adjacent country, as one approaches the city by water, was inserted at page 319 of the past volume.

Bombay.

DEATH OF MR. GARRETT.

We have now the painful duty of announcing the death of another of the laborers connected with the mission at Bombay-Mr. JAMES GARRETT, for ten years past the active and faithful superintendent of the printing establishment. The circumstances of this afflictive event are described

in a letter from Mr. Hervey, dated July 20, 1831. The persons referred to in the first paragraph, are Mrs. Allen and Mrs. Hervey, who died, one on the 5th of February, the other on the 3d of May.

You will have heard, dear Sir, before this reaches you, how our hearts were pained to learn, on arriving here, that one whom we had expected to see, and with whom we had hoped to be associated in prayer and effort for the salvation of the heathen, had finished her work and gone to her final rest. You will probably have heard also that in less than two months after we first saw this long desired field of our labors, we were called to follow to the grave another whose memory will ever be dear to the writer of the present communication.

Now, at the request of an afflicted sister, I set down to inform you, that death has made a further diminution of our little number.

and gratuitous services, gave him every attention in their power. But they, with us, had the unhappiness to see their unwearied endeavors to save his life, entirely unavailing. The medicine which, by long experience, has been found most efficacious in removing such disorders, could not be made to produce the wished-for effect, and he rapidly sunk towards the grave. Every succeeding day, and almost hour, found him worse than before, until the 14th, when our hopes of his recovery were nearly extinct. On the evening of that day he adjusted and took leave of all his worldly affairs, and with calmness and joy waited his dissolution. The angel of death continued with a steady and resistless hand to fulfil his commission to take down 'the earthly house' till about 11 o'clock on the evening of the 16th, when he ended his sad work, gave the spirit of our beloved brother a joyful entrance into the 'house not made with hands,' and left us to gaze in mute affliction upon the ruins before us, while he seemed to say to us all, 'See what I can and shall soon do for you!'

Thus this mission, which has so often felt the chastening hand of the Lord, is deprived of one of its most efficient helpers; his afflicted family of a tender husband and father; all of us of a kind friend and sympathising brother; our little church of one of its most active and useful members; the poor heathen, of one who was willing to sacrifice health and life for their good; and the general cause of true religion in this place, of one of its most self-denying and zealous supporters. But while we feel this affliction deeply, and mourn our loss, and the loss of all, we are comforted in the assurance that it is infinite gain to him. His dying deportment exemplified in a pleasing manner the power of faith to support its possessors in the hour of severest trial, andwas a complete victory over the king of terrors. In his sharpest sufferings no murmurs fell from his lips; no impatience disturbed the calmness of his spirit; no anxiety to live distracted his mind, or withdrew his attention from heavenly things; and not even a wish was known to escape him, that did not correspond with the divine will. Before his case was considered hopeless, he was asked whether his desire was to live or to die? He replied, 'that he did not know as he had any desire on the subject; his only wish was that the will of the Lord might be done.' Afterwards, when it ap peared that he could not live, he expressed a decided choice to depart and be with Christ.

Our dear brother Garrett is no more. He died on the 16th inst., the day which completed the 34th year of his age. The disease, which terminated his valuable life, was a bowel complaint, or dysentery, of a very obstinate kind. His health had been de clining for two or three weeks before he One morning, as Mrs. G. went to him, he was attacked with this complaint; but he said 'Well, my dear, do you think I have continued his arduous labors in the printing got on my way any the last night?'-meanoffice, and in other departments of the mis- ing, have I advanced any towards the sion, till the 8th inst., when he was obliged grave? She replied, 'You appear to be to desist and commit himself to the phy-weaker.' 'Well,' said he, 'come, help mesicians' care.

Two eminent physicians, to whom the mission are much indebted for their frequent

help me to contemplate that glory-glory which is opening. O can it be? Is it so? Is my work done? Let there be singing.'

He mentioned a hymn, which he wished to have sung, beginning with the lines,

Jesus, with all thy saints above,
My tongue would bear her part, &c.

in which he joined as far as he was able. Afterwards he wished us to sing the one beginning with the words 'Guide me, O thou great Jehovah,' &c. Many times during his sickness he tried to sing some favorite hymn or verse.

The day before he died, the workmen of the office, about twenty in number, called at his request, and agreeably to their own desires, to see him. He addressed them in Mahratta, and exhorted them to repent of their sins, and believe in Christ as the only Savior. They were all in tears, and many of them sobbed aloud. He conversed with them as long as his strength would permit, and then bade them an affectionate and final farewell. It was with difficulty that they could be prevailed on to leave the room. All the men that have been under his care say of him, 'He was a kind master and a good man,' and they evince their sincerity by their tears and mournful looks when his name is mentioned.

For the last twelve or fourteen hours before he ceased to breathe, he had his reason only at short intervals. During this time he talked considerably, sometimes in Mahratta, and sometimes in English. His sufferings in the former part of his sickness, were pretty severe, in the latter part they were less so, and in the closing scene they appeared to be comparatively light.

On the 17th, at five o'clock P. M., his funeral was attended at the mission chapel, and although the rain fell almost incessantly in sweeping torrents, the assembly of English and natives was so large as nearly to fill the house. The natives were addressed in Mahratta by Mr. Allen, and the other part of the congregation in English by Mr. Ramsey. After prayer and singing, the mortal part of our dear friend and brother was conveyed to the mission burying ground, where, with other precious dust previously deposited there, it must remain,

'Till to its centre, this vast planet shakes, And the Archangel's trump proclaims aloud,

Arise! come forth! The glorious morning breaks, Which night and death again shall never cloud.'

We trust that the recent, severe, and successive afflictions, with which it has pleased a mysterious Providence to visit this mission will serve to quicken those of us who survive, to greater diligence and fidelity in our Master's work, and awaken a spirit of prayer in our behalf among our distant friends; while we are not without hope, that they will be followed by some good effects upon the heathen in the midst of whom we dwell. These poor creatures are accustomed to view death as the most awful event that can happen to man. And truly it is so to them, in their present state. But some of them have now seen what support

and consolation Christianity administers to its true disciples in that trying hour. All the arguments that I have hitherto been able to use with my Pundit in favor of the religion of the Bible, and against his own, seem not to have had half so much effect, as this peaceful and happy death, of which (as I was living with Mr. Garrett) he was an eye witness. And here permit me to make a similar remark respecting what occurred in the last hours of my dear wife. As three or four native females stood in tears beholding her, she made use of the little Mahratta she had acquired in endeavoring to show them how happy she was that she was going to Jesus. At the same time her countenance was brightened with smiles. Her words and appearance took fast hold of our young woman, who has since often spoken of it as an unheard of thing that a dying person should be so happy as to laugh. If then the gospel is to be the power of God unto the salvation of these people, by the deaths rather than the lives of your missionaries, may their lives be such as that their deaths shall preach!

Mr. Garrett entered the service of the Board in the autumn of 1819, with high testimonials from his minister and others in Utica, N. Y., where he had spent the six preceding years, as to his qualifications for the station of a missionary printer; and his subsequent life justified the confidence reposed in him. His original destination was to the mission in Ceylon. On being forbidden to remain as a missionary on that island, by the lieutenant governor, Sir Edward Barnes, he repaired, with the press under his care, to the Coromandel coast, and from thence proceeded to Bombay, where his assistance had become very necessary. This was in May 1821.

The loss which the mission sustains by his death is, for the present, irreparable. It is, however, very desirable that a successor be provided immediately. The post is one of importance, and it is hoped that the Committee will not be subjected to long delay in finding the suitable man to occupy it.

VARIOUS NOTICES.

IT has not been heretofore stated, that Messrs. Ramsey, Read, and Hervey arrived at Bombay on the 7th of March, 1831.

Mr. Ramsey and Mr. Hervey reside for the present at Bombay. Mr. Reed is stationed at Mahim, a place about six miles from Bombay, where Mr. Graves formerly resided. His pros

pects there are encouraging.

We have, he says, two schools in Mahim, of which I am able to take the superintendence. Scarcely a day passes, in which I do not have applications of some sort to establish schools. Teachers, scholars, and

are

parents plead for the means of educating the rising generation. The higher castes very desirous of having their sons taught English. I have had numerous applications of this description. At length I have under my tuition four young brahmins. They are already able to read in the English Testament, and begin to repeat the catechism. They are of considerable service to me in studying the Mahratta. It has also opened the way for the distribution of our books among several of the principal brahmin families in this place. The lads are from ten to fourteen years of age, and I trust my labors with them will not be in vain. Five persons have been admitted to the mission church since Oct. 1, 1830. The first was an aged European, who had lived in India forty years; the second was a Malay woman, of the Mohammedan faith; the third was a convert from the Romish church; the fourth and fifth were It Hindoos, named Dajeeba and Moroba. stated in the Oriental Christian Spectator, that after the admission of the last, which was in March, "the sacrament of the Lord's supper was administered in the American mission chapel to nineteen communicants, among whom were the descendants of Shem, Ham and Japheth-from the four quarters of the globe. The services were conducted in the Mahratta language. The novelty of the scene drew out a large number of natives, to whom the nature and design of the ordinances were clearly explained, and who listened to the instructions, and watched the movements, with much apparent concern."

It is pleasing to add, that Mr. Charles Theodore Huntridge, an inhabitant of Bombay lately deceased, has left a legacy to the American mission, for the support of public worship at the mission chapel, amounting to 7,000 Rupees, or upwards of 3,000 dollars.

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little book of about 100 pages, containing Paley's argument on the divine existence, in 40 pages, and followed up in the remaining pages by the doctrines of the New Testament, they distributed more than 700 copies: also several hundreds of another little tract written by Afat. They had frequent opportunities of giving oral instruction. Afat and his companion have now, for a little while, taken up their abode within the walls of Canton; in the house of a man that was determined to be a priest, but, after trying the business a while, left it with dislike. Whether he will have any greater regard for the service of the Most High God, remains to be seen. Afat will doubtless bring some strange doctrines to his I have two tracts of Afat's now before me in manuscript; one on Slander, the other on Redemption. He writes, prints, and circulates the books, all with his own hand. He has been considerably with me during the present week, and I have selected scripture proof texts for the ground work of a couple of new tracts. This course Dr. Morrison recommends for our mutual ad

ears.

vantage.

The only expense of books executed by Afat, is for blocks and paper, and when the blocks are once cut, the paper is the only item of expense. I have just put into his hand two dollars, for which, in ten days, he will return me 100 copies of a tract of eighteen pages, on the immortality of the soul. I will say more on this subject. another time.*

*There is a description of this process of stereotyping in the highly interesting and valuable missionary travels of Messrs. Tyerman and Bennet, lately republished in this country.

We were much pleased with observing the process of Chinese printing in Mr. Medhurst's office. Nothing can be riore simple or more effective, in its kind. All the characters are cut in wood, of a tine, but not very hard, texture. Each block is about an inch in thickness, and the width of two pages. Being planed and smoothed on the upper surface, to receive the characters, these are, in the first place, carefully written upon paper, which is laid upon the wood with the written side downward, and then pasted over Before the paste is dry, the paper is peeled off, when the characters are seen transferred to the face of the block. The blank spaces are then accurately cut away, by means of a sharp-pointed tool, and the written parts remain in alto relievo, about the eighth of an inch high, like figures and letters in metal types, or pictures in what are called wood-cuts, among us. Mr. Medhurst employs two China men in this work, to whom he pays seven rupees (about twelve shillings) for every thousand characters. Each man will execute about three thousand of these in a month, or a hundred a day, on the average. The blocks being finished are placed upon a table, at which the printer sits. The paper, squared ready to the proper size, is laid dry before him; and, on a board at his right hand, the ink, which is little else than soot and water well tempered. With a brush, made of fine vegetable fibres, he first blackens the characters; then, having nicely, with both hands, spread the paper over the same, with another flat, soft brush, he rubs the sheet down upon the face of the block. This, when taken off, exhibits the perfected impression. clever printer will throw off several thousand such copies in a day. The paper is brought from China; it is manufactured from the bamboo, is exceedingly

A

thin, and never printed on both sides."-Vol. iii,

Pp. 41, 42.

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