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The Presbyterian Education Society includes the following branches and agencies. The officers mentioned, devote their whole time to the concerns of the society, in their respective fields of labor.

1. Western Education Society, in the western part of New York. Rev. O. S. Hoyt, Utica, Secretary, and Rev. C. Eddy, Auburn, General Agent.

2. Western Reserve Branch, including the Western Reserve, in Ohio, and Michigan. Rev. Ansel R. Clark, Secretary and General Agent.

3. Western Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio. Rev. Franklin Y. Vail, Secretary and General Agent. 4. Indiana Education Society.

5. West Tennessee Agency, Maury County. 6. East Tennessee Agency, Maryville.

A permanent agent is about to be appointed for the south western portion of the United States, including the fields occupied by the last two agencies.

The reports presented at the late quarterly meeting of the directors, in New York, exhibit a degree of prosperity in the operations of the society, especially in the west, which has hitherto been unexampled. As many as fifty young men, it is expected, will be placed on the funds of the Western Reserve Branch alone, the present year. The East Tennessee Agency recently received twenty-two young men, and expect, within a year, to receive as many more. Revi

vals of religion are rapidly multiplying pious young men, and preparing the way for a speedy and large increase of ministers of the gospel, especially in connection with the labors of education societies: while the system of uniting manual labor with study, is increasing the facilities for obtaining an education, with but small appropriations from benevolent funds-and with decided gain, as it respects vigor of body and mind.

The Presbyterian Education Society will be conducted on the same principles as heretofore; and the directors, animated by the cheering prospects which are opening before them, will urge on the work committed to them, with untiring diligence, and a constant reliance on God for

greater and greater success. All applications for aid, by candidates possessing the requisite character and qualifications, will be received, if made in conformity with the rules of the society.

AMERICAN EDUCATION SOCIETY.

THE Rev. William Cogswell, General Agent of the society for New England, was, on the resignation of the late Rev. E. Cornelius, appointed to be Secretary and General Agent; and Mr. B. B. Edwards was appointed Recording Secretary and Editor of the American Quarterly Register.

At the meeting of the directors of this society, held on the 11th of January, and of the Presbyterian Education Society, held on the 27th of December, appropriations were made to the beneficiaries of the two societies amounting to between $8,000 and $9,000. Forty new applicants were received on probation.

AMERICAN SEAMEN'S FRIEND SOCIETY.

THE REV. Joseph Brown, seamen's preacher at

Charleston, S. C., during the last eight or ten years, has recently been appointed Corresponding Secretary of the American Seamen's Friend Society, in the place of the Rev. Joshua Leavitt, who has recently resigned; and is to remove to the city of New York, and enter on the duties of that office in the course of the spring.

The Western Seaman's Friend Society, whose object is to exert a religious influence on the watermen employed on the western lakes and canals, has recently held its annual meeting. It employs two chaplains-one at Buffalo, and one at Cleaveland.

Miscellanies.

CHRISTIANITY THE CHIEF INSTRUMENT IN ENLIGHTENING AND REFORMING THE

WORLD.

THE following paragraphs are extracted from an article in the American Quarterly Register, 'on the waste and misapplication of mind. After noticing the claims which have been set up in favor of infidelity, as being the most promising instrument in elevating and improving the human character, and the results of its operation wherever the experiment had been made, the writer proceeds

The truth is that infidelity brings no testimonials. The nation or tribe cannot be named, that has been enlightened or improved by it; and whoever expects a favorable result from the experiment, must expect it on the ground of her arrogant but unsupported assertion. He must expect it against the evidence of past facts; and against theory too: for the very uncertainty and incompleteness of infidel systems-their darkness

respecting the character and will of God and the retributions of a future state, and their want of authority render them utterly defective in power of motive, either to incite or restrain.

The other class of men to whom I alluded, have looked to the dissemination of pure Christianity as the only adequate means of raising men from their degradation-of calling all the powers of intellect and moral feeling into healthful action, and directing them in their proper channels. This class of men have reasons for world, that Christianity has been the only thing thus judging. They see in the history of the which has taken the lead in reforming men. Other causes may have contributed to carry on the reformation which religion had begun; but none of them have had boldness or energy to begin. So far are they from it, that they are constantly giving ground before the evil passions of men, and are wholly unable to keep up a standard of morals, and to prevent its fluctuation. Individual enthusiasm in the pursuit of science, foreign dangers, or great national enterprises may hold society together for a time, and give it a pleasing and flourishing aspect; but its

internal energies, assisted by all that philosophy can furnish, are not able to maintain successfully the struggle with the causes of deterioration existing in the human character. India and Egypt, Greece and Rome are proofs of this position. They are not now what they once were. Certain causes, operating in combination, gave them for a while an artificial health; but disease was in them, and there was nothing there to eradicate it. They soon grew sickly; decayed gradually; sometimes imperceptibly; and at last died.

In the two ancient republics, so famous for the literary legacies which they have bequeathed to us, there were indeed many splendid instances of intellectual cultivation; but in these very minds, which shine upon us from antiquity like stars from the distant and dusky horizon, there was no desire, and no benevolent principle to inspire the desire, to send knowledge down through all the ranks of society. Did Pericles, or Cicero, or the Antonines ever invent a system of free schools? And what amount of argument may it be supposed would have been necessary to convince them that the common people had minds worthy of cultivation? or that any system of general instruction was practicable or useful? It is perfectly safe to say in the most unqualified manner, that the mass of mind in a nation has never been so called into action as to constitute an enlightened community, where the Christian religion did not prevail.

MISCELLANEOUS INTELLIGENCE.

BOMBAY PRESIDENCY.

FIVE natives have been received into the mission church by Mr. Stevenson of Poona, one at Hurnee by Mr. Mitchell, one at Bombay by Mr. Wilson, and two at Kaira by Mr. Fyvie.

The Oriental Christian Spectator, published monthly at Bombay, contains portions of a controversy, carried on principally by Mr. Wilson, a Scottish missionary at that place, and some leading men

among the Parsees, in the Sumachar and the Hurka and Wurteman, two native periodical publications. Another controversy has been conducted through the Sumachar with the Mohammedans. Much interest and inquiry seems to have been awakened. I ne editor of the Hurka and Wurtuman has been furnished with copies of the gospel of Matthew in the Goojurattee dialect for each of his subscribers, which are recommended by him for their perusal.

The Bombay Tract Society during the year 1830, printed 25,500 tracts, averaging 35 pages each, and in all equivalent to 2,200 volumes of 400 pages. Nearly all these have been distributed. Four new tracts were added during this year, making the whole number in the series fourteen.

The Bombay Bible Society put into circulation during the year ending September 1830, 339 Bibles and 4,817 Testaments. Since its formation in 1813, it has circulated 12,189 Bibles, and 42,365 Testaments, in about twenty languages and dialects.

A society has been organized in Bombay for promoting the education of the poor, and a boys' school and a girls' school opened; the former of which contains 14 boarding scholars and 55 day scholars; and the latter contains 100 boarding scholars. Schools in Surat and Tanna are aided by the society. The expenses of the schools was about $16,000.

SYRIA.

MESSRS. Newman and Parnell, who left England during the winter of 1830-1, with the intention of joining Mr. Groves at Bagdad, have been providentially detained at Aleppo; where a favorable door seems to be opened for them to prosecute their missionary labors. Messrs. Bird and Whiting, who received letters from them in August, were about sending them a quantity of Syrian Scriptures for distribution among the Syrian Christians near Mount Tor.

MALTA.

MR. Keeling, Wesleyan missionary at Malta has under his care a promising school of about 60 Maltese boys and girls. More than twice that number have been urged upon him, and refused solely for want of room. This school seems to awaken no opposition-a proof of the improved and still improving state of feeling among the people on the subject of education.

American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions.

STATEMENT RESPECTING THE PRESENT CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE BOARD AND ITS MISSIONS, AND THE IMPORTANCE OF ENLARGING ITS OPERATIONS.

THE appeal to the churches, made a year ago in many of the religious newspapers, was not in vain. The receipts of the Board began soon after to rise, and have met the expenses of the year. They supported ninety missionary families among the heathen, and nearly fifly unmarried laborers. They kept a thousand schools, containing more than fifty thousand scholars, in constant operation. They employed the press in different languages, at the rate of fifteen millions of pages a year. They added two printing establishments to the number already in use by the Board. They paid a debt of nineteen thousand dollars; and sent twelve preachers of the gospel, with a physician and printer, into the field, all of whom, except three, were accompanied by female helpers.

These expenses were defrayed from the receipts of the year ending December 31, 1831, which were a hundred and twenty-one thousand dollars. The cost of Indian missions that year was ten thousand dollars less to the Board, than in the year previous owing to the fact, that some of the missions were reduced, and that the government of the United States refunded the money which had been expended on buildings at the old station of Dwight, among the Arkansas Cherokees. To this diminution in the expenses, and to an advance of thirty-four thousand dollars in the receipts of the year ending December 1831 beyond those of the preceding year, must the encouraging results just described be attributed. Had it not been for this diminution of expenses, and this advance in the receipts, and had the Committee, at the same time, ventured to send forth the fourteen missionaries who actually went into the field, the Board would have incurred a debt of from thirty to forty thousand dollars.

No one who has reflected upon the subject, can think this number large. In almost every point of view, it appears exceedingly small. Not one in seven of the students, who go out from the Andover, Princeton, and Auburn seminaries, becomes a foreign missionary; and yet nearly all the missionaries of the Board are obtained from those institutions. A very small proportion indeed of the men who enter the ministry in the Presbyterian, Congregational, and Dutch Reformed churches, go forth as missionaries to the heathen. And looking abroad, how inadequate the supply, and how urgent the demand! In no considerable district of our country is there such a disposition to hear the gospel, and to be profit

Few need be informed, that the expenses of a great system of foreign missions cannot be varied with the perpetual fluctuations of trade. The system is framed for stability and continuance, and will cost as much when money is scarce, as when money is plentiful. The missionary goes out for life, and lays his plans accordingly. His stipend is graduated upon his actual and necessary expenses. Most of the missions being far distant, it would require two years to effect any considerable reductions; and then the reductions could be made only in one of three ways-either by recalling a number of the missionaries; by stopping the presses; or by dispersing the schools. Such measures as these are of course not to be thought of. We must hold the grounded by it, as among the inhabitants of the Sandwe are enabled to gain, and gain more as fast as wich islands; but were all the missionaries now possible. With all who are seriously bent upon in the Islands and on their way to them, to remain the conversion of the world, this is a fundamental there, and live to acquire the language, each rule of action. would have a parish of not less than eight thou

With the smiles of heaven so signally vouch-sand souls, all to be raised from the lowest state safed, the Board and its patrons will not think of relaxing their endeavors. The importance of moving on continually in the work of foreign missions, is commensurate with the claims of a dying world. And now, that there are no arrearages to pay-that every dollar goes to strengthen or enlarge our system of means-that millions of the heathen are easily accessibleand that preachers of the gospel in augmenting numbers are tendering their services as missionaries; who will allow any thing but imperious necessity to prevent his increasing the amount of his annual contributions?

The manner in which the assurance was received, a year ago, that fifteen missionaries were likely to be detained from the field by a want of funds, evinces a decided wish in the churches, that none should ever be detained for such a reason. A feeling so consonant with the spirit of Christ, with the claims of the heathen, and with every dictate of Christian benevolence, will be respected by the Committee; and taking into view the probable number of missionaries at their disposal, they have resolved to aim at sending forth missionaries, during the present year, to the countries and in the proportions following; viz.

To Bombay, two missionaries and a printer,
To China, Siam, and the Indian Archipelago,
To Syria,

To liberated Greece,

To the Greeks of Turkey,

To the Sandwich Islands, a printer, and per-
haps another missionary,

To the Indians in the state of New York,
To the Choctaws beyond the Mississippi,

3721 a

2

2

1

19

There are seventeen candidates for missionary employment, besides a printer, now under the direction of the Committee, most of whom will be in readiness to enter the field during this year.

of ignorance-a parish, in which every thing is to be done by the pastor himself. No man can long endure such a pressure of duties, even in the best of climates. The mission established among the mingled people of Syria, may be compared to a single light-house erected for a thousand leagues of stormy coast. Without a more extended array of means among the Greeks, it will take an age to reach even the understandings of half the people, while the present is most emphatically the seed time. The Armenians we are just beginning to approach. The missionaries residing in the city of Bombay find, that a division of the inhabitants of only that city among them, would give to each from thirty to forty thousand souls for his spiritual charge. Siam has been scarcely entered by Protestant missionaries, and China not at all. The innumerable islands southeast of these countries, invite our enterprise. They form a fifth part of the world, and are among the most delightful portions of the globe; and, for aught that appears, we may proceed from cluster to cluster, till we shall meet the glad heralds of the cross advanc ing from the Hawaiian, Marquesian, and Society islands. There are two or three Protestant missionaries among the six millions inhabiting the magnificent island of Java, and fifteen scattered

among the Moluccas; and among the Phillippine islands, said to be twelve hundred in number, Spanish and Papal influence may obstruct our progress for a time: but, without doubt, hundreds of devoted and able missionaries ought to be immediately dispersed among the thousands of verdant spots, which teem with inhabitants in those great oceans. And it is affecting, it is overwhelming to think, that the five hundred millions of heathens now on the earth, must be "evangelized by the Christians now living, or they

and its solemn, never will be evangelized. A generation of || minds and hearts intent upon this work. Let the heathens lives no longer than a generation of Christians, and time is hurrying both on the bosom of its mighty tide into eternity.

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It is believed that all the churches and all the disciples of the Lord Jesus, whose past contributions and prayers have given them a particular and special interest in the missions under the care of the Board, will cordially respond to these several declarations: viz.-That the hundred missionary families and the fifty unmarried laborers, now in the field, must be fully sustained during the present year-that the rudiments of knowledge must be imparted through the year in all the thousand schools, and the presses pour forth their invaluable productions like so many perennial fountains-that the gospel must be proclaimed without ceasing at all the stationsand that those sons of the church, who have consecrated their lives to its foreign service, and who will be desirous of going forth during the year, should on no account be detained from the field by the mere want of pecuniary means to send them.-But this will require, as nearly as the estimate can now be made, that the receipts of the present year be a hundred and thirty thousand dollars.

To secure this amount it will obviously be necessary, that the contributors of the last year should not diminish their subscriptions. And since many, who gave then, now rest from all their labors on earth, and since there is a greater sum to be raised, if we would meet what seem to be the proper and unavoidable expenses of the year, it follows, that the survivors should increase their contributions, or bring new patrons to the cause. And this increasing demand will continue from year to year, till we and our children have passed from the stage of life. Hundreds of missionaries are to be sent forth by the American churches annually, before the command of Christ is obeyed and his promises are fulfilled; and it is cheering to believe, that, in point of fact, his disciples will give for this object, and will find themselves able and disposed to give, far more than they now think is possible. There are thousands who now contribute three or four times as much, without feeling it, as they could have been persuaded, ten years ago, came within their duty or privilege. The church is making progress in this sort of experience, but has a great way yet to travel before she even enters the proper limits of Christian sacrifice and self-denial.

What the Committee respectfully plead for is the means of advancing more rapidly in their work. At the present rate of enlargement, ages upon ages will pass away before it is done. Let promising and pious young men press and be pressed by hundreds into the ministry, with their

09 nazab niwhallesitut al 2005 od To sol ENLARGEMENT OF THE MISSIONARY HERALD.

It is intended to enlarge the Missionary Herald by adding eight pages, making each number consist of forty pages, instead of thirty-two. The change begins with this number. Four of the additional pages will generally be numbered separately from the Herald, and assume the form and name of MONTHLY PAPER; containing engraved representations of heathen superstitions, missionary stations, and of other objects or scenes connected with missionary subjects; with descriptions, statements, and anecdotes, illustrative of the state and character of the heathen, and of the progress of the gospel. These, when the Herald is bound, may very properly be placed together at the end of the volume, as a sort of appendix.

of additional matter The remaining four pages will be included in the body of the work, and will afford room for occasional short biographical notices of eminent missionaries, original essays on important subjects connected with missions, missionary statistics, and other matter adapted to render the work more interesting and useful.

THE IMPRISONED MISSIONARIES.

THE case of Messrs. Worcester and Butler, who, for continuing to prosecute their missionary labors among the Cherokees without taking the oath of allegiance to the state of Georgia, and obtaining a license from the governor, were arrested and tried before the court of Gwinett county, and sentenced to hard labor in the penitentiary of that state for four years, was brought before the Supreme Court of the United States by writ of error, and argued by Messrs. Sergeant and Wirt on the 20th, 21st, and 23d of

February; and the decision of the court was pronounced by Chief Justice Marshall, on the third of March. The court state at length, and in a very lucid manner, the nature and extent of the right of discovery, the original ground on which different European powers laid claim to portions of the American continent; the manner in which Indian lands have been obtained; the import and binding obligation of the treaties which have been made with Indians; and the manner in which the constitution of the United States and the acts of congress relating to Indian affairs are to be understood. The laws of Georgia enacted during the last two or three years, extending the jurisdiction of that state over the Cherokee country, and under which the missionaries were imprisoned, are also examined, and declared to be repugnent to the constitution.

Mr. Justice McLean read a separate decision, concurring in all important points with the decision of the court. Mr. Justice Baldwin dissented, on the ground that the case was not brought before the court in due form.

After the decision an order was issued by the court for the immediate release of Messrs. Worcester and Butler, and committed to E. W. Chester, Esq., one of the counsel for the prisoners, who left Washington the next day to present it to the authorities of Georgia. It is to be hoped, and should be the subject of fervent prayer, that all, who are in any respect concerned in carrying this decision into effect, may be so influenced, that this painful business, which has occasioned so much interruption of missionary labor, and so much vexation to the Cherokees, may be finally closed.

BEYROOT.

THE latest accounts from the mission at Beyroot bear date November 14, 1831. Mr. and Mrs. Bird removed temporarily to the village of Brumana, on Mount Lebanon, near the end of July. to obtain the benefit of the mountain air, rendered specially necessary by the ill health of their youngest child. The child was, however, removed from them by death a few weeks after. They returned to Beyroot in October. Mr. and Mrs. Whiting had been ill, but their health was improving. It was very doubtful whether Asaad Shidiak was living or not.

SMYRNA.

MR. King still remained at a village near Smyrna on the 24th of November, where he had been for some months, and was likely to be obliged to remain a month or two longer, the government of Athens having forbidden any person to enter that place from Smyrna, on account of the prevalence of the cholera there. It was

estimated that for some time 300 or 400 had died of this disease in Smyrna daily, and that not less than 6,000 were swept into eternity by it in the space of thirty or forty days.

SANDWICH ISLANDS MISSION.

THE ship Averick, in which the missionaries sailed from New Bedford in November last, put into Rio Janeiro, January 15th, 50 days out; where she might be detained a week or two, receiving some small repairs. The passengers were all in health, except Mrs. Lyman, who was fast recovering. They had been mercifully preserved amid the severe and protracted storms which they had encountered, the trials of which were much alleviated by the unwearied kindness of Captain Swain.

Donations.

FROM FEBRUARY 16TH, TO MARCH 15TH,

INCLUSIVE.

I. AUXILIARY SOCIETIES.
Addison co. Vt. E. Brewster, Tr.
Bridport, Gent. 26,80; la. 27,90;
E. C. for Jews, 5;
Cornwall, La. 17,27; mon. con.
3,91;

Shoreham, Gent. 15; la. 11,50;
Vergennes, Mon. con.
Brookfield Asso. Ms. A. Newell,
Tr.

Ware, E. par. Gent, and la.
Central aux. so. of Western New
York, Rev. A. D. Eddy, Tr.
Bath,
Benton,
Canandaigua, Gent. viz. W.
Hubbell, 38; Rev. E. Johns, 30;
N. W. Howell, 25; Rev. A. D.
Eddy, 15, H. Chapin, 10; W.
Antis, Jr. 10; E. Carr, 10; H.
Warner, 10; H. W. Taylor, 10;
other indiv. 54,12;

La. 116,25; mon. con. 14,33;

Mrs. F. Shepard, dec'd, 30; The above to aid in support of a missionary.

Castleton,

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