Under the terms of the Treaty of Neuilly of November 27, 1919, the total military forces of Bulgaria must not in the future exceed 20,000 men, enrolled by voluntary system. The obligatory military service is abolished. All measures of mobilisation are prohibited and, in order to prevent the formation of a reserve, service in the ranks is to be for a minimum period of 12 years. Officers serving at the time when the treaty was signed must undertake to serve at least till the age of 40 and newly appointed officers serve for at least 20 years.

A frontier guard of 3,000 men voluntarily enlisted is permitted, and in addition the number of armed gendarmes, police, customs officials and forest guards must not exceed 10,000.

The maximum authorised armaments and munition supplies are :

No military or naval aircraft are permitted.

The manufacture of arms, munitions and war material is only to be carried out at one factory under State control.

exportation of arms and munitions is prohibited.

The importation and

The Bulgarian Government has failed to obtain the authorised forces by voluntary enlistment; the total number voluntarily enlisted up to November 1924, was:

Under the terms of the treaty Bulgaria has surrendered all warships an submarines, but is permitted to maintain on the Danube and along the coast 4 torpedo boats and 6 motor boats, now of little value, all withou torpedoes and torpedo apparatus, for police and fishery protection duties.

Production and Industry.

Agriculture is the chief occupation of the people. Land is held in absolute freehold by the owners and there is a land tax. The communes hold pasture-land and wood-land in perpetuity and pay no rent, and over such Ïands the members of the communes have grazing and wood-cutting rights. About two-thirds of the population are engaged in agriculture, most of them being small proprietors holding from one to six acres. The methods of cultivation are primitive, but machinery is being gradually introduced. The total area of Bulgaria is 10,314,620 hectares, or 25,786,550 acres ; of this the cultivated area is 3,716,070 hectares, or 9,182,409 acres, and the forest area 2,881,264 hectares, or 7,203,160 acres (841,100 hectares belonging to the State and 1,516,162 hectares to the municipalities).

The area and yield of cereals for 2 years is given as follows:

Fruit grows in abundance, especially in the neighbourhood of Kustendil; 187,345 acres are under vines, yielding 195,596 tons of grapes and 9,440,000 gallons of wine; under cotton 6,955 acres, producing 7,811 quintals. There is also considerable silkworm culture. The production of honey in 1921 was 809,274 kilos. Sugar production in 1922-3 was 16,438 metric tons, and in 1923-4, 26,411 tons; 4,731 hectares were under rose cultivation in 1923, producing 1,400 kilos of essence. Tobacco in 1923, area, 141,197 acres, yield, 51,269,949 kilos; 1924, area, 137,062 acres.

According to the census of December 31, 1920, there were in Bulgaria 8,922,604 sheep, 1,331,853 goats, 398,240 horses, 1,089,699 swine and 1,877,108 other cattle.

Industry is not much developed, though the State encourages industrial enterprise. In 1922 there were 1,544 industrial concerns (25 State and municipal), employing 55,431 workpeople. The value of the raw material used in 1922 was 2,892,587,927 levas, and of the product 4,527,086,535 levas.

Mining development has been slow. The country is rich in coal; there are three State mines (at Pernik, Bobovodo and Maritza), and several privately owned mines. Total coal production in 1923, 1,063,662 metric tons, of which 964,076 tons came from State mines and 99,586 tons from privately owned mines. Iron is found in large quantities; gold, silver, lead (3,935 tons in 1923), manganese, and copper (23,983 tons in 1923) also exist in the country.

The following table shows the trade by principal countries for 2 years :—

Total(all countries) 4,037,662,058 5,120,659,945 Total(all countries) 4,329,718,046 3,537,134,795

The following were the most important articles of import and export for 2 years:

Total trade between United Kingdom and Bulgaria (Board of Trade Returns) for 5 years:

The number of vessels entered at the Black Sea ports of Bulgaria in 1923 was 3,813 of 1,654,120 tons; number of vessels cleared, 3,651 of 1,637,448 tons. At the Danube ports there entered, in 1923, 6,407 vessels of 1,161,666 tons; and cleared, 6,360 vessels of 1,157,982 tons.

On March 31, 1922, there were in Bulgaria 2,325 miles of good roads, 2,663 miles of fair roads, and 1,848 miles of bad roads. Total: 6,836 miles of road. In 1922, Bulgaria had 1,403 miles of railway of ordinary gauge and 221 miles of narrow gauge; total, 1,624 miles. All the lines belong to the State, which works them. Railways connect Sofia with the general European system. There were, in 1922, 530 post and telegraph offices, and 530 telegraph offices, making a total of 1,060 offices. Total correspondence handled in 1921, 26,727,766 letters, 24,899,662 postcards, 2,618,703 printed packets; postal

The area and yield of cereals for 2 years is given as follows :—

Fruit grows in abundance, especially in the neighbourhood of Kustendil; 187,345 acres are under vines, yielding 195,596 tons of grapes and 9,440,000 gallons of wine; under cotton 6,955 acres, producing 7,811 quintals. There is also considerable silkworm culture. The production of honey in 1921 was 809,274 kilos. Sugar production in 1922-3 was 16,438 metric tons, and in 1923-4, 26,411 tons; 4,731 hectares were under rose cultivation in 1923, producing 1,400 kilos of essence. Tobacco in 1923, area, 141,197 acres, yield, 51,269,949 kilos; 1924, area, 137,062 acres.

According to the census of December 31, 1920, there were in Bulgaria 8,922,604 sheep, 1,331,853 goats, 398,240 horses, 1,089,699 swine and 1,877,108 other cattle.

Industry is not much developed, though the State encourages industrial enterprise. In 1922 there were 1,544 industrial concerns (25 State and municipal), employing 55.431 work people. The value of the raw material used in 1922 was 2,892,587,927 levas, and of the product 4,527,086,535 levas.

Mining development has been slow. The country is rich in coal; there are three State mines (at Pernik, Bobovodo and Maritza), and several

privately owned mines. Total coal production in 1923, 1,063,662 metric

tons, of which 964,076 tons came from State mines and 99,586 tons from privately owned mines. Iron is found in large quantities; gold, silver, lead (3,935 tons in 1923), manganese, and copper (23,983 tons in 1923) also exist in the country.

Commerce.

Imports and exports for 5 years (25 leva = £1):—

The following table shows the trade by principal countries for 2 years :

Total(all countries) 4,037,662,058 5,120,659,945 Total(all countries) 4,329,718,046 3,537,134,795

The following were the most important articles of import and export for 2 years:→→

Total trade between United Kingdom and Bulgaria (Board of Trade

Returns) for 5 years:

The number of vessels entered at the Black Sea ports of Bulgaria in 1923 was 3,813 of 1,654,120 tons; number of vessels cleared, 3,651 of 1,637,448 tons. At the Danube ports there entered, in 1923, 6,407 vessels of 1,161,666 tons; and cleared, 6,360 vessels of 1,157,982 tons.

On March 31, 1922, there were in Bulgaria 2,325 miles of good roads, 2,663 miles of fair roads, and 1,848 miles of bad roads. Total: 6,836 miles of road. In 1922, Bulgaria had 1,403 miles of railway of ordinary gauge and 221 miles of narrow gauge; total, 1,624 miles. All the lines belong to the State, which works them. Railways connect Sofia with the general European system. There were, in 1922, 530 post and telegraph offices, and 530 telegraph offices, making a total of 1,060 offices. Total correspondence handled in 1921, 26,727,766 letters, 24,899,662 postcards, 2,618,703 printed packe nostal