Names of beings of the female sex are Nouns of the Feminine' Gender.

Names of things without animal life are Nouns of the Neuter Gender.

2

131. There are some Nouns which do not tell us whether the being named is male or female; as, parent, relative, friend, cousin, bird. Such Nouns are said to be of Common

Gender.

Exercise 90.

a. Give the Gender of each Noun.

The man left father, mother, brothers, sisters, and all other relatives, to travel in a far land. Boys and girls come out to play.

As the husband is, the wife is; thou art mated with a clown,

And the grossness of his nature shall have weight to drag thee down.

So we made the women with their children go;

The oars ply back again, and yet again,

Whilst, inch by inch, the drowning ship sank low,
Still under steadfast men.

O woman! lovely woman! Nature made you
To temper man; we had been brutes without you.
There's in you all that we believe of heaven,
Amazing brightness, purity, and truth,

Eternal joy, and everlasting love.

Eye. Doctor. Master. Mistress. House. Animal. Nephew. Niece. Farm. Fowl. Bird. Carpenter. Guardian. Sugar. Spice. Nurse. Servant. Attendant. Teacher. Baby. Root. Plant. Mustard. Colt. Ox. Songstress. Seamstress. Hand. Leg. Arm. Heart. Life. Hope. Mercy.

Additional Nouns :-Exercise 89.

b. Give the Genders of the following Pronouns:

I. Thou. He. She. It. My. Mine. Me. Thy. Thine. Thee. His. Him. Hers. Its. We. Our. You. They. Them. Their. Theirs. 1 Feminine from the Latin femininus, womanly, from femina, a woman.

2 Neuter is a pure Latin word, meaning neither. Neuter Gender means neither Masculine nor Feminine. In origin the word female has no connection with the word male.

(1) That the name of the female is sometimes an entirely different word from the name of the male.

(2) That the Feminine Noun is sometimes formed from the Masculine by a termination.

(3) That a Noun of Common Gender is sometimes made Masculine or Feminine by having a Masculine or Feminine word placed before it.

134. I. Examples of different words for Masculine and Feminine.

1 It should be remarked that where the two words are from different roots the Feminine Noun is not the Feminine of the Masculine Noun. Mother, for instance, is not the Feminine of father; father is the name of a male, and mother is the name of the corresponding female. On the other hand, the Noun lioness is the Feminine of the Noun lion.

*135. II. Examples of Feminines formed by terminations.

The only living way of forming the Feminine from the Masculine (that is, the only way which would be used with new words) is by the addition of -ess; as,

Sometimes the Feminine is made by the addition of -ess to a somewhat altered form of the Masculine; as,

*136. Some Nouns have the termination -er or -or in the Masculine, and -ess in the Feminine; as,

*137. A few Masculines are formed from the Feminine; as,

*138. Foreign or old English terminations are found in a few

*139. III. Examples of Masculine or Feminine Word placed before

Exercise 91.

Give the Feminines corresponding to:

Bachelor. Buck. Steer. Earl. Duke. Marquis. Friar. Hart. Stag. Sire. Wizard. Count. Elector. Hunter. Emperor. Bridegroom. Widower. Executor. Sultan.

NOMINATIVE CASE.

Read again pars. 28, 30, and 32.

140. Case means the use of a Noun or Pronoun with respect to other words in the sentence.

141. The Subject of a sentence, when a Noun or a Pronoun, is said to be in the Nominative Case.1

Exercise 92.

What Nouns or Pronouns in the following sentences are in the Nominative Case?

a. The day is warm. I broke the chair.

Horses die. The sea is blue

They blow down

to-day. It is deep. We shall be there. You may take the book. The house was burned. Winds are sometimes destructive. houses. She has brought the milk. Father is speaking. ill. He was trying to learn Latin.

John has been

b. Is the book new? Is this flower fragrant? Are you going? How strong is he? May I go too? Are they for me? Are these apples sweet? Do figs grow on trees? Is she walking in the woods?

142. Adjectives are used with Nouns, and as the Subject of a sentence is a Noun (or some word which does the work of a Noun), Adjectives (or words which do the work of Adjectives) may be used with the Subject. Thus, the sentence "Boys work" may, by additions to the Subject boys, become The boys work.

These boys work.
Good boys work.

My boys work.

The good boys of the village work.

1 From the Latin nominatus, p.p. of nominare, to name. The Nominative Case is the case of the Subject, and the Subject names that about which the Predicate tells.