354. Hitherto we have been dealing with the Tenses of the Indicative Mood. The following table shows forms of the Tenses of the Subjunctive Mood. (Progressive forms, where they exist, are given in parentheses.)

PAST PERFECT.

FUTURE.

FUTURE PERFECT.

[Though] he had been struck.

[Though] he should be struck.

[Though] he should have been struck.

355. The Imperative Mood is either Present or Future, according to the meaning, but the form is the same for both; as,

PRESENT OF FUTURE. [Thou or you] strike [now, or next week].

Exercise 164.

Give the Tense of each Verb in Exercises 145, 146, 147, and 157.

STRONG AND WEAK VERBS.

356. Verbs are either Strong or Weak.

357. Strong Verbs are those which form the Past Tense or the Perfect Participle by a change of vowel sound; as

1 See par. 316, and footnote.

358. Weak Verbs are those which form the Past Tense and the Perfect Participle by the addition of ed or t; as

The changes of spelling which are made before -ing [see paragraph 329] are also made before -ed.

359. Strong Verbs are sometimes called Irregular, and Weak Verbs Regular, but the terms are not quite satisfactory, for there is some regularity among the Strong Verbs, and some irregularity among the Weak ones.

360.

STRONG VERBS.'

Alphabetically arranged.

[Weak forms are printed in italics; forms not now used are placed in square brackets.]

[beholden] cleave

[clove,clave] cloven

bidden, bid (split) cleft,cleaved cleft, cleaved

1 See "Notes for Teachers," p. 324, Note 31.

361. Most Weak Verbs are quite regular, but there are a few which may not be at once recognized as Weak. Dr. Morris divides these apparently irregular Verbs into two classes.

Class I. consists of Verbs which do not end in t or d in the Present, and which form the Past Tense and the Perfect Participle by adding t or d, usually with a change of vowel sound.

Class II. consists of Verbs which end in the Present in t or d.1

1 These Verbs formerly added de or te to form the Past Tense, but in course of time the Past Tense and the Perfect Participle were shortened; so that fed-de became fed, sende became sent, set-te became set, etc.