Nearly all the generals and other prominent officers in the rebel army were graduates of West Point.

Gen. P. G. T. Beauregard (1836, Confederate), was Superintendent of the U. S. Military Academy of West Point when he resigned and joined the Confederate Army. General Lee was also at one time at the head of West Point.

Admiral W. S. Schley (1860, midshipman), and Admiral W. T. Sampson (Annapolis, 1860), took part in the Spanish War. Among others, who might be added to this list of accomplished military leaders are the following: General Nathaniel Lyon (1841), Albert Sidney Johnston (1836), Nelson A. Miles, who entered the army in 1861, George A. Custer (1861), Benjamin F. Butler (attorney), George C. Pickett (1846), James Longstreet (1842), James Hooker (1857), George H. Thomas (1840), A. G. Burnside (1841), H. W. Halleck (1832), John Pope (1842), W. S. Rosecrans (1842), Philip H. Sheridan (1858), J. B. Hood (1853). General John C. Fremont was not a graduate of West Point but was a short time in navy, commander in Missouri, 1661, etc.

Lord High Chancellor Haldane says the "Training System in the United States is far superior to that given in Great Britain;" in an article printed in Sunday's Examiner of August 30th 1913. "To come over here and see the liberal manner in which Congress provides for the education of the Nation's military officers is enough to make the mouth of an English War Minister water." Such was his comment after he had today inspected the United States Military Academy buildings and grounds and witnessed the maneuvers of the cadet corps. He was welcomed by a salute of nineteen guns. "This visit to West Point," said Lord Haldane, brings me back to my old occupation. During the six and one-half years that I served as Secretary of State for War I made a study of the West Point Military Academy. I have no hesitation in telling you that the system here of training officers of all branches of the service together is far superior to our plan of specialization when the cadets enter the academies of Sandhurst and Woolwich."

WEST POINT FOR EACH STATE IS NOW PROJECTED.

Washington, Jan. 14, 1916.-The establishment of a semi-military school in each state at which a certain number of young men will be given academic and military education at the expense of the state and federal government is the subject of a series of meetings of the House Military Affairs Committee, which began today.

The plan is outlined in a bill introduced by Representative McKellar of Tennessee. It is favored by Chairman Hay of the committee and it is understood the War Department will urge its passage.

The purpose of the bill is to provide plenty of trained army officers. The three-year course at the schools is to be modeled on the course at West Point. The students will be chosen by the county and state school authorities, the only condition being that they agree to hold themselves subject to the call of the President to active military service for a period of seven years after graduation.

The government will contribute $80,000 a year to each school providing the state contributes $40,000. In addition the federal government will provide uniforms, field equipment and military instructions.

WEST POINT BILL PASSED.-LAST BUT ONE OF APPROPRIATION MEASURES GIVEN O. K. BY HOUSE AFTER BRIEF POLITICAL DEBATE.

Washington, D. C., June 29, 1916.-The last but one of the annual supply measures, the military academy appropriation bill, carrying $1,216,761, was passed today by the house. It was made the vehicle of a brief political debate. Only the general deficiency bill remains to be considered in the house.

MARVELOUS CRAFT IS BEING DEVELOPED, SAYS HEAD OF NAVY CON

SULTING BOARD.

New York, July 22.-"I have reason to believe that within the next six months a giant Zeppelin will fly across the sea from Berlin and land in New York City," Howard E. Coffin, chairman of the naval consulting board's committee on industrial preparedness and former president of the American Engineering society, said today.

"Unquestionably it was the arrival of the submarine at Baltimore that scared congress into appropriating millions for army and navy development," he declared. "The quicker the Zeppelin arrives the better, for it will scare us into more preparedness."

PREDICTS GREAT AERIAL ARMY.

"The $20,000,000 congress has given for aerial development is a tremendous step forward. With this encouragement we engineers are starting to standardize and develop aerial development in the United States. Our manufacturers are ready to pour millions into the industry.

"Within three years the United States will have an aerial army Europe cannot begin to equal. Within two years great passenger carrying airships will follow air routes all over the country. American industries can be coördinated and standardized. Europe's cannot. Europe's aerial development has been neither healthy nor normal. It has been too feverish. The fact that they are fighting among themselves prevents standardization.

HINTS AT MARVELOUS CRAFT.

"I could take you to a field within a few minutes' ride and show you a fighting aeroplane that outstrips anything the Europeans have dreamed of. It has a secret automatic control, by which it can be started in the waters of Lake Michigan, skim the surface for a given number of miles, automatically rise to a given height, go a prearranged and exact distance in one or several directions, and automatically alight at a given point in Texas or elsewhere. This type of aeroplane will be developed into the self-directing aerial torpedo.

"We will have dirigibles of the Zeppelin type Germany never will have. A fleet of automatically controlled aeroplanes with machine guns mounted on them and timed to begin their charge after going hundreds of miles to find the enemy without the presence of a single pilot is an imminent probability.

"The aerial development may mean the difference between victory and defeat for us. We are getting started."

CHAPTER XI

PROCLAMATION OF EMANCIPATION.

PROCLAMATION OF EMANCIPATION WHEN OTHER COUNTRIES ABOLMEXICAN WAR TO EXTEND SLAVERY IN SOUTH.

ISHED SLAVERY.

The preliminary Proclamation of Emancipation was published September 22, 1862, three days after the withdrawal of General Lee into Virginia, and was communicated to the army officially on September 24th. The proclamation took effect Jan. 1, 1863. Although the President had practically decided upon the main features of the Proclamation, he nevertheless called several meetings of his cabinet, and submitted first the preliminary proclamation, September 22, 1862, and then the final draft of the Proclamation, December 30, 1862. He asked each member to write out his opinion and submit the same to him. This was done by Mr. Chase, Mr. Bates, Mr. Wells, Mr. Blair, and Mr. Seward. Messrs. Nicolay and Hay state, "In writing the Proclamation Mr. Lincoln, in substance, followed the suggestions made by the several members of the cabinet as to mere verbal improvements, but in regard to the two important changes which had been proposed he adhered rigidly to his own draft."

British subjects were prohibited from owning slaves in America or elsewhere. Russia and the United States were the last of the civilized nations, with the exception of Brazil, which subsequently followed suit, to abolish serfdom and slavery.

În Lincoln's speech delivered May 19, 1856, he said: "On the second day of July 1776, a draft of the Declaration of Independence was reported to Congress by the committee, and in it the slave trade was characterized as an 'execrable commerce,' as a 'piratical warfare,' as a 'cruel war against human nature.' All agreed on this except South Carolina and Georgia, and in order to preserve harmony, and from the necessity of the case, these expressions were omitted."

The people of the slave states had the same privilege as those of the free states to move into and settle in Kansas. The former could have done their own work, like the latter who did not depend upon slave labor, or could have hired other men to work for them. At that date slavery had been eliminated from nearly