Pre-Ottoman Turkey: A General Survey of the Material and Spiritual Culture and History C. 1071-1330

akhis al-Din already Anatolia appear Arabic Armenian army Arslan Asia Minor attacked authority became become beginning brother brought Byzantine Central century certain chief Christian clearly conquest continued course death difficult direct earlier East eastern Empire established existed fact Fakhr al-Din finally forces fourteenth century frontier give given Greek groups hand held Ilkhānid importance influence interest Iran Iranian Islam Kaykhusraw kind known Konya Kurds land later least less longer master means mentioned Mongol Moreover Mu'in Muslim native nevertheless once organization original Ottoman particularly perhaps period Persian pervāne political possession possible present princes principalities probably province question reason reference regarded region relations remained respect result Rūm Seljukid situation Sivas sources Sultan Syria taken territory thirteenth century took town trade traditions true Turcomans Turkish Turks various vizier western whole