Mountain Meteorology: Fundamentals and ApplicationsOxford University Press, 1 июн. 2000 г. - Всего страниц: 376 Mountain Meteorology: Fundamentals and Applications offers first an introduction to the basic principles and concepts of mountain meteorology, then goes on to discuss their application in natural resources management. It includes over two hundred beautiful, full-color photographs, figures, and diagrams, as well as observable indicators of atmospheric processes--such as winds, temperature, and clouds--to facilitate the recognition of weather systems and events for a variety of readers. It is ideal for those who spend time in or near mountains and whose daily activities are affected by weather. As a comprehensive work filled with diverse examples and colorful illustrations, it is essential for professionals, scholars, and students of meteorology. |
Содержание
111 The Daily Cycle of Slope and AlongValley Winds and Temperature Structure | 172 |
113 Disturbances of the Daily Cycle by Larger Scale Flows | 182 |
114 The Four Components of the Mountain Wind System | 186 |
115 Diurnal Mountain Winds in Basins | 197 |
116 Diurnal Mountain Winds over Plateaus | 198 |
117 Other Local Thermally Driven Wind Systems | 199 |
12 | 205 |
122 Air Quality Studies and Air Pollution Models | 209 |
3 | 25 |
32 Atmospheric Composition | 26 |
4 | 31 |
42 Temperature | 33 |
43 Atmospheric Stability | 38 |
44 The Atmospheric Boundary Layer and the Surface Energy Budget | 42 |
5 | 49 |
52 Winds | 60 |
6 | 73 |
62 Fronts | 74 |
7 | 81 |
72 Fogs | 94 |
8 | 99 |
82 Intensity of Precipitation | 101 |
84 Formation of Precipitation | 102 |
85 Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Precipitation | 105 |
86 Icing | 111 |
87 Mountain Thunderstorms | 112 |
9 | 127 |
92 Forecasting Guidelines | 128 |
Data Collection and Dissemination | 129 |
94 Obtaining Professional Forecasts for Major Federal Projects | 138 |
10 | 141 |
102 Flow over Mountains | 146 |
103 Flow around Mountains | 158 |
104 Flows through Gaps Channels and Passes | 161 |
105 Blocking Cold Air Damming and Obstruction of Air Masses | 165 |
The LowLevel Jet | 168 |
11 | 171 |
123 Wind Speed and Air Pollution Concentrations | 212 |
125 Synoptic Weather Categories and Air Pollution Dispersion | 218 |
126 Mountainous Terrain and Atmospheric Dispersion | 221 |
127 Assessing Air Pollution Potential in Mountain Terrain | 235 |
131 The Fire Environment | 239 |
132 Fuel Moisture Content | 241 |
133 Fire Weather in Complex Terrain | 242 |
134 Critical Fire Weather | 254 |
135 Prescribed Fire and Smoke Management | 259 |
HAROLD W THISTLE JOHN W BARRY 14 | 273 |
141 Overview of Aerial Spraying | 275 |
142 Meteorological Factors that Affect Aerial Spraying Operations | 279 |
143 Spray Deposition | 285 |
144 Additional Considerations in Complex Terrain | 286 |
145 Collection of Meteorological Data | 288 |
146 Computer Modeling | 293 |
147 Integration of Meteorological Information into Operations | 295 |
References | 299 |
Appendixes | 303 |
B Psychrometric Tables | 307 |
C Sources of Information on Weather Monitoring and Instrumentation | 308 |
D Units Unit Conversion Factors and Time Conversions | 309 |
E Solar Radiation on Slopes | 312 |
F Additional Reading | 319 |
G METAR and TAP Code Abbreviations | 321 |
Glossary | 325 |
Index | 343 |
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Часто встречающиеся слова и выражения
adiabatic lapse rate air mass air pollution air quality aircraft along-valley winds altitude ambient atmospheric stability Basin blow cause chinook chinook winds cloud cold air cold front Colorado complex terrain convective boundary layer cooling daytime decreases dispersion diurnal diurnal mountain winds down-valley downslope downwind droplets earth's elevations emissions figure fire behavior fire weather flow foehn forecast Forest frontal graupel ground height high pressure center horizontal increase jet stream lapse rate lee waves lenticular clouds lightning longwave low pressure centers METAR meteorological mountain barrier mountain range nighttime occur particles plains plateau plume precipitation prescribed fire pressure gradient produce rain region relative humidity ridge Rossby wave sidewalls slope smoke snow solar radiation spray operation stable strong winds synoptic temperature inversion thunderstorms tion turbulence up-valley upslope valley vapor vertical warm front waves wind direction wind speed wind systems
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Стр. 67 - Very high waves with overhanging crests; sea takes white appearance as foam is blown in very dense streaks: rolling is heavy and visibility reduced.
Стр. 304 - ... mixing ratio The ratio of the mass of water vapor to the mass of dry air in a given volume of air.
Стр. 338 - These tendencies are combined together, and cause the trade-winds to blow from the NorthEast in the northern hemisphere, and from the South-East in the southern hemisphere. The...
Стр. 132 - Cirrus (often hook-shaped) gradually spreading over the sky and usually thickening as a whole.
Стр. 67 - Exceptionally high waves; sea covered with white foam patches; visibility still more reduced.
Стр. 67 - ... vertically. Smoke drift indicates wind direction; vanes do not move. Wind felt on face; leaves rustle; vanes begin to move. Leaves, small twigs in constant mo tion; light flags extended.
Стр. 14 - To the west and north are the Berkshire Hills of Massachusetts, the Green Mountains of Vermont, the White Mountains of New Hampshire, and the scattered peaks of Maine.