Environmental Magnetism: Principles and Applications of EnviromagneticsAcademic Press, 28 апр. 2003 г. - Всего страниц: 299 Magnetism is important in environmental studies for several reasons, the two most fundamental being that most substances exhibit some form of magnetic behavior, and that iron is one of the most common elements in the Earth's crust. Once sequestered in a suitable material, magnetic particles constitute a natural archive of conditions existing in former times. Magnetism provides a tracer of paleo-climatic and paleo-environmental conditions and processes. Environmental Magnetism details the occurrence and uses of magnetic materials in the natural environment. The first half of the volume describes the basic principles. The second half discusses the applications of magnetic measurements in various environmental settings on land, in lakes, in the ocean, and even various biological organisms. * Material is broadly applicable to environmental studies * Case histories illustrate key points * Extensive bibliography makes further research quick and easy |
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Содержание
INTRODUCTION | 1 |
12 An Example | 2 |
13 Scope of the Subject | 4 |
BASIC MAGNETISM | 7 |
22 Magnetic Susceptibility | 9 |
23 Magnetic Hysteresis | 13 |
24 Grain Size Effects | 14 |
25 Summary of Magnetic Parameters and Terminology | 18 |
722 Minerals and Mechanisms | 144 |
723 Milankovitch Cycles | 147 |
724 Paleoprecipitation | 149 |
726 Examples of Gleization | 158 |
73 Lake Sediments | 159 |
732 Italian and French Crater Lakes | 160 |
733 Lake Baikal | 164 |
742 Terrigenous Magnetic Influx | 165 |
26 Enviromagnetic Parameters | 20 |
261 Susceptibility | 21 |
264 ARMSIRM and SIRMK | 22 |
266 karmk and the King Plot | 24 |
267 Hc H and FORC Diagrams | 25 |
27 Magnetic Units | 27 |
28 Putting It All Together | 29 |
ENVIROMAGNETIC MINERALS | 31 |
32 Iron Oxides | 32 |
321 Magnetite | 33 |
322 Hematite | 38 |
323 Maghemite | 40 |
33 Iron Hydroxides | 41 |
35 Iron Carbonate | 42 |
36 Some Examples | 43 |
37 RoomTemperature Biplots | 47 |
MEASUREMENT AND TECHNIQUES | 50 |
422 Remanent Magnetization | 53 |
423 HighField Techniques | 62 |
43 Magnetic Parameters Used in Environmental Studies | 68 |
431 LoessPaleosol Sequences | 69 |
432 Lacustrine Deposits | 74 |
433 Marine Sediments | 77 |
44 Magnetic Parameters Unmixed | 78 |
PROCESSES AND PATHWAYS | 84 |
512 BioChemical Processes | 87 |
52 Soils and Paleosols | 88 |
53 Marine Sediments | 96 |
54 Rivers and Lakes | 103 |
TIME | 111 |
611 An Example | 115 |
612 Another Example | 116 |
62 Temporal Characteristics of the Geomagnetic Field | 117 |
621 Geomagnetic Polarity Reversals | 118 |
622 Secular Variation | 121 |
623 Geomagnetic Excursions | 125 |
624 Geomagnetic Intensity Fluctuations | 128 |
63 Oxygen Isotope Stratigraphy | 130 |
64 Milankovitch Cycles | 133 |
MAGNETOCLIMATOLOGY AND PAST GLOBAL CHANGE | 136 |
743 Biogenic Magnetite | 171 |
MASS TRANSPORT | 174 |
83 Erosion and Sediment Yield | 176 |
84 Permeating Fluids | 179 |
85 Oceanic and Atmospheric Circulation | 182 |
MAGNETISM IN THE BIOSPHERE | 185 |
92 Biomineralism | 188 |
93 Bacterial Magnetism | 189 |
931 Two BOM Examples | 196 |
932 Two BIM Examples | 198 |
933 Diagnostic Magnetic Tests | 199 |
934 Bacterial Greigite | 203 |
935 Mars Meteorite | 206 |
941 Mollusces | 207 |
943 Fish and Birds | 208 |
MAGNETIC MONITORING OF POLLUTION | 211 |
102 Soil Contamination | 213 |
103 Rivers Lakes and Harbors | 218 |
1031 A Canadian Harbor | 220 |
1032 A Swiss Lake | 222 |
1033 An Austrian River | 223 |
104 Atmospheric Contaminants | 225 |
105 Roadside Pollutants | 227 |
106 Pneumomagnetism | 229 |
ARCHEOLOGICAL AND EARLY HOMINID ENVIRONMENTS | 231 |
112 Archeological Soils | 232 |
113 Archeological Magnetic Prospection Surveys | 235 |
114 Economy Industry and Art | 239 |
115 Speleomagnetism | 241 |
116 Hominid Evolution | 243 |
OUR PLANETARY MAGNETIC ENVIRONMENT | 245 |
122 The Geomagnetic Field | 246 |
123 The Magnetosphere | 249 |
Appendix | 253 |
Glossary | 254 |
| 261 | |
| 289 | |
List of Volumes in the Series | 295 |
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Environmental Magnetism: Principles and Applications of Enviromagnetics Mark Evans,Friedrich Heller Ограниченный просмотр - 2003 |
Часто встречающиеся слова и выражения
American Geophysical Union anhysteretic remanent archeological atmosphere atoms biogenic biological carbonate changes Chapter chemical Chinese Loess Plateau climate coercivity coil core correlation crystals Curie point curve demagnetization deposition detrital dust Earth's electron Elsevier Science enviromagnetic environment environmental magnetism example Fe2+ ferromagnetic ferromagnetic minerals Figure flux geological geomagnetic field glacial goethite grain greigite hematite hysteresis important increase indicate interglacial intervals investigated involved iron oxide isothermal remanent lake sediments layers Loess Plateau low-field susceptibility Luochuan maghemite magnetic enhancement magnetic field magnetic material magnetic minerals magnetic parameters magnetic properties magnetic susceptibility magnetite magnetometer magnetosomes magnetotactic bacteria marine sediments measured Milankovitch observed ocean Oldfield organic matter oxygen isotope paleomagnetic paleosols paramagnetic particles pedogenesis plot processes produced pyrrhotite ratio record Redrawn reduced remanent magnetization sample saturation magnetization secular variation sedimentary sediments sequence signal SIRM soil sulfide superparamagnetic temperature thermal titanomagnetite typical values Volume zone
Популярные отрывки
Стр. 261 - Microbial biomineralization of magnetic iron minerals: microbiology, magnetism and environmental significance in geomicrobiology: interactions between microbes and minerals, JF Banfleld, KH Nealson (Eds.), Rev.
Стр. 269 - Occurrence and formation of iron oxides in various pedoenvironments, in Iron in Soils and Clay Minerals, JW Stucki, BA Goodman, and U. Schwertmann, eds., NATO ASI Ser., D.
Стр. 270 - A three-dimensional convective dynamo solution with rotating and finitely conducting inner core and mantle,
Стр. 265 - D. Cohen, EA Edelsack, and JE Zimmerman, Magnetocardiograms taken inside a shielded room with a superconducting point-contact magnetometer, Appl.
Стр. 264 - Chiari, G., and R. Lanza. Pictorial remanent magnetization as an indicator of secular variation of the Earth's magnetic field. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 101, 79-84, 1997.
Стр. 270 - Magnetometers using RF-driven SQUIDS and their application in rock magnetism and paleomagnetism.
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Библиографические данные
| Название | Environmental Magnetism: Principles and Applications of Enviromagnetics International Geophysics (Том 86), ISSN 0074-6142 |
| Авторы | Michael Edwin Evans, Mark Evans, MD FRCP, Friedrich Heller, Friedrich C. Heller, Mark Evans |
| Издание: | иллюстрированное |
| Издатель | Academic Press, 2003 |
| ISBN | 0122438515, 9780122438516 |
| Количество страниц | Всего страниц: 299 |
| Экспорт цитаты | BiBTeX EndNote RefMan |