The Chimpanzees of the Budongo Forest: Ecology, Behaviour and ConservationOUP Oxford, 30 июн. 2005 г. - Всего страниц: 314 Unlike humans, who came down from the trees and developed bipedal locomotion, chimpanzees have remained in the original habitat of our ancestors: the tropical rainforests of Africa. In this book, Vernon Reynolds describes in detail the work of a large number of students and senior researchers on the wild chimpanzees of the Budongo Forest Reserve in Western Uganda. He presents a coherent and in-depth account of one chimpanzee community of more than 60 individuals living in the Sonso area in the middle of the Budongo Forest, which he and his colleagues have studied intensively over the last 15 years. The chimpanzees have never been provisioned and live in an entirely natural state. Reynolds describes their forest habitat, their diet and culture, their social organization and behaviour, their diseases, and the threats to them that derive from the actions of people in the surrounding villages, the most serious of these being the presence of snares set by hunters to catch small antelopes and pigs. As founder and head of the Budongo Forest Project, Professor Reynolds has been responsible for compiling the numerous publications, reports, and dissertations written about these chimpanzees. In this book, he combines these new and often unpublished studies with past publications about Budongo Forest. Where appropriate, he also compares the Budongo chimpanzees with wild chimpanzees studied at other sites across Africa. The result is the most comprehensive account of the Budongo chimpanzees ever published, with a wealth of referenced material that will serve as a source of information for many years to come. |
Содержание
The Budongo Forest | 5 |
History of the forest | 7 |
The forest in more detail | 9 |
Disease and the human population | 10 |
Dynamics of Budongo Forest | 12 |
Timber | 14 |
The forest today | 18 |
The Sonso community | 21 |
Barks | 142 |
Infanticide | 145 |
Infanticide by Sonso males | 146 |
Infanticide within the community | 150 |
The role of females in cases of infanticide | 151 |
Intracommunity killing the case ofZesta | 154 |
Background to Zesta | 156 |
The killing of Zesta | 157 |
Habituation | 25 |
Data | 27 |
Range and density of the Sonso community | 28 |
Community size | 30 |
The birth of Katia | 34 |
Age and age groups | 35 |
Infertility | 36 |
Demographic structure | 37 |
Morbidity and mortality | 38 |
Medicinal plant use | 41 |
Soileating | 43 |
SIVcpz status of the Sonso chimpanzees | 44 |
Death rate | 45 |
Death of an adult female | 47 |
Death of an old male | 48 |
Humanape disease transmission | 50 |
Nonfatal epidemic | 51 |
Diet and culture at Sonso | 54 |
Food types and food species | 55 |
Insects and honey | 56 |
Food preferences | 57 |
sugars and tannins | 62 |
Food availability | 65 |
Seed dispersal by chimpanzees | 67 |
Fruitsharing | 69 |
Termiteeating and sharing | 72 |
Meateating | 73 |
Coordinated hunting | 76 |
Cropraiding | 79 |
Sonso culture | 80 |
Social organization | 85 |
Parties food and social factors | 86 |
Party duration | 88 |
Effects of oestrous females on party size and party type | 91 |
Time of day and party size | 93 |
Influence of food supply on party size | 94 |
Nesting and nesting parties | 96 |
Consortships | 99 |
Kinship | 100 |
Ranges and ranging behaviour | 103 |
Intercommunity movements of adult females | 104 |
Intercommunity fighting | 106 |
Social behaviour and relationships | 109 |
Grooming and other affiliative behaviours | 110 |
Play | 114 |
Sex and reproduction | 115 |
Copulation and time of day | 119 |
Seasonally of oestrous cycles | 122 |
Status | 123 |
Status change | 126 |
How to defeat an aggressive challenger | 128 |
Reconciliation | 130 |
Status among females | 131 |
Vocalizations | 133 |
Zestas injuries | 159 |
Interpretation | 162 |
The problem of snares | 164 |
The background to snaring | 165 |
Snare types | 166 |
Injuries from snares and traps | 168 |
Deaths | 170 |
Deaths from snares | 171 |
Deaths from traps | 172 |
Deaths from spearing | 173 |
Effects of snare injuries on feeding and social life | 175 |
Snare removal project | 179 |
Livetrap project | 186 |
Release of chimpanzees from livetraps | 188 |
Snare injuries at other sites | 189 |
The human foreground | 191 |
Local uses of forest products | 194 |
Local attitudes to the forest | 197 |
Health | 198 |
Medical personnel | 199 |
Cash | 199 |
Fear of the forest | 199 |
Why stay? | 200 |
Beyond cash | 201 |
Cropraiding | 202 |
Why grow atrisk crops? | 204 |
Chimpanzees and humans | 205 |
The Kasokwa Forest chimpanzees a breakdown of trust | 210 |
Tooluse by Kasokwa chimpanzees | 212 |
Chimpanzeehuman conflict | 213 |
Further cases of trapping | 214 |
More attacks by chimpanzees | 216 |
Can a solution be found? | 217 |
The role of research | 219 |
The future of Budongos chimpanzees and of the chimpanzees of Uganda as a whole | 221 |
Management Plan for Budongo Forest Reserve | 224 |
PHVA | 226 |
Conservation education | 229 |
Census of chimpanzees in Uganda | 231 |
Hunting and pitsawing | 232 |
Buffer zones | 233 |
Tree corridors | 236 |
Who is responsible for chimpanzee protection? | 237 |
Action Plan | 238 |
Appendices | 241 |
plant food species | 243 |
C Genetics of the Sonso community | 245 |
D Report of a necropsy on Ruda and b outbreak of respiratory disease | 249 |
E Other primate species of the Budongo Forest | 255 |
F The Budongo Forest Project | 259 |
References | 267 |
287 | |
Другие издания - Просмотреть все
The Chimpanzees of the Budongo Forest: Ecology, Behaviour and Conservation Vernon Reynolds Ограниченный просмотр - 2005 |
The Chimpanzees of the Budongo Forest: Ecology, Behaviour and Conservation Vernon Reynolds Ограниченный просмотр - 2005 |
The Chimpanzees of the Budongo Forest: Ecology, Behaviour and Conservation Vernon Reynolds Ограниченный просмотр - 2005 |
Часто встречающиеся слова и выражения
adult females adult males alpha male Aneilema animals attack baboons behaviour blue duiker blue monkeys Budongo Forest Busingiro Bwoya camp Catherine O'Hara chimps colobus monkeys copulation crop-raiding crops Cynometra density disease Duane duiker eaten Emery Thompson farmers feeding Ficus field assistants fruits Gombe Goodall grooming hand human immigrant individuals infant infanticide injuries juvenile Kalema Kasokwa Forest Kewaya Kibale Forest killed Kyamanywa M.Sc Maani Magosi Mahale mahoganies Makerere Makerere University meat mother move Muga Muhumuza Nambi Newton-Fisher Nishida Nkojo Nyabyeya Nyakafunjo observed Oesophagostomum oestrous females Oxford Univ pant-hoots panzees party Plumptre population primate Project range ranking males redtail Reynolds samples screaming seeds seen sexual snare removal Sonso chimpanzees Sonso community Sonso males species student subadult Table Taï tannins Tinka trap Tree F Uganda Uganda Wildlife Authority Vernon village Wildlife Wrangham Yes Yes Zephyr Kiwede Zesta Zimba