Projectile TechnologyHeidi Knecht Springer Science & Business Media, 31 окт. 1997 г. - Всего страниц: 408 Artifacts linked to projectile technologies traditionally have provided the foundations for time-space systematics and cultural-historic frameworks in archaeological research having to do with foragers. With the shift in archae ological research objectives to processual interpretations, projectile technolo gies continue to receive marked attention, but with an emphasis on the implications of variability in such areas as design, function, and material as they relate to the broader questions of human adaptation. The reason that this particular domain of foraging technology persists as an important focus of research, I think, comes in three parts. A projectile technology was a crucial part of most foragers' strategies for survival, it was functionally spe cific, and it generally was fabricated from durable materials likely to be detected archaeologically. Being fundamental to meat acquisition and the principal source of calo ries, projectile technologies were typically afforded greater time-investment, formal modification, and elaboration of attributes than others. Moreover, such technologies tend to display greater standardization because of con straints on size, morphology, and weight that are inherent to the delivery system. The elaboration of attributes and standardization of form gives pro jectile technologies time-and space-sensitivity that is greater than most other foraging technologies. And such sensitivity is immensely valuable in archae ological research. |
Содержание
INTRODUCTION | 1 |
The History and Development of Projectile Technology Research | 3 |
2 Archaeological Perspectives | 4 |
3 Experimental Perspectives | 12 |
4 Ethnoarchaeological Perspectives | 16 |
5 Conclusion | 19 |
References | 20 |
Factors Influencing the Use of Stone Projectile Tips An Ethnographic Perspective | 37 |
References | 207 |
Hunting during the Upper Paleolithic Bow Spearthrower or Both? | 213 |
2 The Spearthrower | 214 |
3 The Bow | 219 |
4 Synthesis of Ethnographic Data Concerning Spearthrowers and Bows | 228 |
The Contribution of Experimental Reconstructions | 231 |
References | 238 |
SelfBarbed Antler Spearpoints and Evidence of Fishing in the Late Upper Paleolithic of Cantabrian Spain | 241 |
2 The Data Base | 39 |
3 Factors Governing Stone Point Use | 40 |
4 Summary and Conclusions | 63 |
References | 66 |
ARCHAEOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES | 75 |
Middle Paleolithic Spear Point Technology | 79 |
2 Regional Perspectives on Middle Paleolithic Spear Points | 81 |
3 Behavioral Differences or Methodological Myopia? | 84 |
4 Testing the Middle Paleolithic Spear Points Hypothesis | 90 |
5 Conclusion | 98 |
References | 101 |
The Microwear and Morphology of Microliths from Gleann Mor | 107 |
2 The Southern Hebrides Mesolithic Project | 108 |
3 Gleann Mor | 109 |
4 Microlith Morphology | 112 |
5 Functional Analysis by Microwear | 116 |
6 Associations between Morphology and Microwear Traces | 119 |
7 Summary | 123 |
References | 127 |
SideNotched and Unnotched Arrowpoints Assessing Functional Differences | 131 |
2 Prehistoric Use of Notched and Unnotched Stone Arrowpoints | 132 |
3 Numic Arrow Technology | 135 |
4 Conclusions | 139 |
References | 140 |
SinewReinforced and Composite Bows Technology Function and Social Implications | 143 |
2 Terminology and Technology | 144 |
3 Asian Composite Bow Technology | 148 |
4 Bows Bowyers and the ArchaeologicalHistoric Record | 152 |
5 Bowyers and Composite Bow Manufacture in Modern Mongolia | 154 |
6 Concluding Remarks | 157 |
References | 159 |
EXPERIMENTAL PERSPECTIVES | 161 |
Contributions of Multidisciplinary Experimentation to the Study of Upper Paleolithic Projectile Points | 165 |
From Excavation to Interpretation | 166 |
3 The Projective Points of the Solutrean in Western Europe | 173 |
4 Discussion | 186 |
References | 187 |
Projectile Points of Bone Antler and Stone Experimental Explorations of Manufacture and Use | 191 |
2 Methodology of Projectile Experiments | 195 |
3 Raw Material | 197 |
Techniques of Production | 199 |
5 Performance Characteristics Function | 200 |
6 Maintenance and Repair | 204 |
7 Conclusion | 205 |
2 The Salmon Resource in Cantabria | 244 |
3 The Archaeological Setting | 245 |
4 Fish and SelfBarbed Points in the Late Upper Paleolithic | 248 |
5 Ethnohistorical Correlates | 251 |
6 Replication Experiment | 252 |
7 Discussion | 255 |
References | 259 |
ETHNOARCHAEOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES | 263 |
Technology and Variation in Arrow Design among the Agta of Northeastern Luzon | 267 |
2 Agta Hunting Technology | 272 |
3 Agta Projectile Point Variability and Typology | 275 |
4 Discussion of Variation Among the Ihaya Palanan and Dupangan Agta Points | 280 |
References | 286 |
Hunting and Multifunctional Use of Bows and Arrows Ethnoarchaeology of Technological Organization among Pumé Hunters of Venezuela | 287 |
2 Study Location | 290 |
3 Pume Projectile Technology | 294 |
4 Research Design and Methods | 299 |
5 Analyses of Hunting Tool Use | 301 |
6 Discussion | 310 |
7 Conclusion | 313 |
References | 314 |
A Comparison of Kua Botswana and Hadza Tanzania Bow and Arrow Hunting | 321 |
2 The Kua | 322 |
3 The Hadza | 330 |
4 Comparing Bow Hunting Strategies | 336 |
5 Conclusions | 340 |
References | 341 |
Each According to Need and Fashion Spear and Arrow Use among San Hunters of the Kalahari | 345 |
2 Projectile Technology Utilization in the Kalahari Desert | 346 |
3 The Study Populations | 350 |
4 Bow and Arrow Hunting | 353 |
5 Spear Hunting | 355 |
6 Hunting Success and Failure | 357 |
7 Conclusions | 363 |
References | 365 |
CONCLUSION | 369 |
Projectile Points Form Function and Design | 371 |
3 Form and Function | 373 |
4 Design Theory and Study of Technological Organization | 375 |
5 The Practice of Hunting | 380 |
6 Future Points | 381 |
References | 382 |
385 | |
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