After the Ice: A Global Human History, 20,000-5000 BCHarvard University Press, 2006 - Всего страниц: 622 20,000 B.C., the peak of the last ice age--the atmosphere is heavy with dust, deserts, and glaciers span vast regions, and people, if they survive at all, exist in small, mobile groups, facing the threat of extinction. But these people live on the brink of seismic change--10,000 years of climate shifts culminating in abrupt global warming that will usher in a fundamentally changed human world. After the Ice is the story of this momentous period--one in which a seemingly minor alteration in temperature could presage anything from the spread of lush woodland to the coming of apocalyptic floods--and one in which we find the origins of civilization itself. Drawing on the latest research in archaeology, human genetics, and environmental science, After the Ice takes the reader on a sweeping tour of 15,000 years of human history. Steven Mithen brings this world to life through the eyes of an imaginary modern traveler--John Lubbock, namesake of the great Victorian polymath and author of Prehistoric Times. With Lubbock, readers visit and observe communities and landscapes, experiencing prehistoric life--from aboriginal hunting parties in Tasmania, to the corralling of wild sheep in the central Sahara, to the efforts of the Guila Naquitz people in Oaxaca to combat drought with agricultural innovations. Part history, part science, part time travel, After the Ice offers an evocative and uniquely compelling portrayal of diverse cultures, lives, and landscapes that laid the foundations of the modern world. |
Содержание
The Birth of History Global warming archaeological evidence and human history | 3 |
The World at 20000 BC Human evolution the causes of climate change and radiocarbon dating | 8 |
WESTERN ASIA | 17 |
Fires and Flowers Huntergatherers and the forest steppe 2000012300 BC | 20 |
Village Life in the Oak Woodland Early Natufian huntergatherer communities 1230010800 BC | 29 |
On the Banks of the Euphrates Abu Hureyra and the rise of huntergatherer sedentism 1230010800 BC | 40 |
One Thousand Years of Drought Economy and society during the Younger Dryas 108009600 BC | 46 |
The Founding of Jericho Neolithic architecture burial and technology of the Jordan valley 96008500 BC | 56 |
A DoubleTake in the Oaxaca Valley The domestication of maize squash and beans in Mexico 105005000 BC | 274 |
To Koster Huntergatherer lifestyles in North America 70005000 BC | 286 |
Salmon Fishing and the Gift of History Complex huntergatherers of the northwest coast 60005000 BC | 296 |
GREATER AUSTRALIA AND EAST ASIA | 301 |
A Lost World Revealed Tasmanian huntergatherers 200006000 BC | 304 |
Body Sculpture at Kow Swamp Burial and society in Southeast Australia 140006000 BC and megafaunal extinctions | 312 |
Across the Arid Zone Huntergatherer adaptations to the Central Australian Desert 30000 BCAD 1966 | 319 |
Fighting Men and a Serpents Birth Art society and ideology in northern Australia 130006000 BC | 327 |
Pictograms and Pillars Neolithic ideology symbolism and trade 96008500 BC | 62 |
In the Valley of Ravens Architecture textiles and animal domestication 85007500 BC | 72 |
The Town of Ghosts Ritual religion and economic collapse 75006300 BC | 80 |
Heaven and Hell at Catalhoyuk Florescence of the Neolithic in Turkey 90007000 BC | 88 |
Three Days on Cyprus Extinctions colonisation and cultural stasis 200006000 BC | 97 |
EUROPE | 107 |
Pioneers in Northern Lands The recolonisation of northwest Europe 2000012700 BC | 110 |
With Reindeer Hunters Economy technology and society 127009600 BC | 122 |
At Star Carr Adaptations to early Holocene woodlands in northern Europe 96008500 BC | 134 |
Last of the Cave Painters Economic social and cultural change in southern Europe 96008500 BC | 143 |
Coastal Catastrophe Sealevel change and its consequences 105006400 BC | 150 |
Two Villages in Southeast Europe Sedentary huntergatherers and immigrant farmers 65006200 BC | 158 |
Islands of the Dead Mesolithic burial and society in northern Europe 62005000 BC | 168 |
At the Frontier The spread of farming in Central Europe and its impact on Mesolithic society 60004400 BC | 178 |
A Mesolithic Legacy The Neolithic in southern Europe 60004000 BC debates in historical linguistics and genetics | 187 |
A Scottish Envoi Colonisation Mesolithic lifestyles and the transition to the Neolithic in western Scotland 200004300 BC | 196 |
THE AMERICAS | 207 |
Searching for the First Americans The discovery of iceage settlement AD 19271994 | 210 |
American Past in the Present Dental linguistic genetic and skeletal evidence for the peopling of the Americas | 221 |
On the Banks of the Chinchihuapi Excavation and interpretation of Monte Verde AD 1977199712500 BC | 229 |
Explorers in a Restless Landscape North American fauna landscape evolution and human colonisation 2000011500 BC | 236 |
Clovis Hunters on Trial Extinction of the megafauna and Clovis lifestyles 1150010000 BC | 246 |
Virginity Reconsidered Huntergatherers of Tierra del Fuego and in the Amazon 115006000 BC | 258 |
Herders and the ChristChild Animal and plant domestication in the Andes and coastal foragers 105005000 BC | 266 |
Pigs and Gardens in the Highlands The development of tropical horticulture in highland New Guinea 200005000 BC | 337 |
Lonesome in Sundaland Huntergatherers in the Southeast Asian tropical rainforests 200005000 BC | 348 |
Down the Yangtze The origin of rice farming 115006500 BC | 359 |
With the Jomon Complex huntergatherers in Japan and the earliest pottery 145006000 BC | 370 |
Summer in the Arctic The mammoth steppe and colonisation of the High Arctic 190006500 BC | 381 |
SOUTH ASIA | 393 |
A Passage through India Indian rock art and villages on the Ganges Plain 200008500 BC | 396 |
A Long Walk Across the Hindu Kush Early farming in South and Central Asia the domestication of cotton 75005000 BC | 407 |
Vultures of the Zagros The roots of Mesopotamian civilisation 110009000 BC | 420 |
Approaching Civilisation in Mesopotamia The development of towns and trade 85006000 BC | 430 |
AFRICA | 441 |
Baked Fish by the Nile Huntergatherers of North Africa and the Nile valley 2000011000 BC | 443 |
On Lukenya Hill The development of East African landscapes and faunas after 20000 BC | 453 |
Frogs Legs and Ostrich Eggs Huntergatherers of the Kalahari Desert 12500 BC | 462 |
A South African Tour Changing environments diet and social life 125007000 BC | 469 |
Thunderbolts in the Tropics Huntergatherers in Central and West Africa environmental change in East Africa 70005000 BC | 483 |
Sheep and Cattle in the Sahara The development of pastoralism in North Africa 96005000 BC | 490 |
Farmers in the Nile Valley and Beyond The arrival of cereal agriculture in North Africa 55004000 BC | 499 |
The Blessings of Civilisation Past present and future impacts of global warming on human history | 504 |
Notes | 513 |
Bibliography | 575 |
Picture Acknowledgements | 611 |
| 613 | |
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Aborigines Abu Hureyra Africa Ain Ghazal Ain Mallaha American animal bones archaeological arrived Australia Bar-Yosef Beidha burial buried cal BC Cambridge canoe Çatalhöyük cattle cave cereals Clovis culture deer described desert domesticated dwellings early Europe evidence excavated extinct farmers farming fish flakes flint floor forest gathering global warming goats Göbekli Tepe grain Guilá Naquitz herds Holocene human hunter-gatherers hunters hunting ice age ice-age island Jericho John Lubbock Jomon kilometres known Kow Swamp lake land landscape Late Pleistocene layers Lepenski Vir lifestyle living mammoth Mehrgarh Mesolithic metres microliths middens Mithen Monte Verde Natufian Neolithic North northern paintings plain plants pottery Prehistoric radiocarbon dates reindeer remains river Rockshelter sediments settlement shells skulls South southern species Star Carr stone artefacts stone tools tion travels trees University valley village walls Wendorf western Asia wild women woodland Younger Dryas